Behavioural Science Approach or School
Behavioural Science Approach is an extension of the Human Relations Approach. Elton Mayo together with his squad used unproblematic enquiry methods. However, researchers, similar Abraham Maslow, Douglas McGregor, etc., used to a greater extent than complex enquiry methods. Thus are called "Behavioural scientists."
Image Credits © Iain Farrell.
The behavioural scientific discipline approach is likewise called "Human Resource Approach". It gave importance to attitudes, behavior together with performance of individuals together with groups inwards the organisations.
Behavioural scientists brought 2 novel aspects to the report of management.
- They gave a to a greater extent than complex stance of human beings together with their needs together with motives. For e.g. Abraham Maslow, gave importance to Self-actualization take away of human beings.
- They used scientific methods to report the grouping behavior inwards organisations.
Assumptions of Behavioural Science Approach
Basic assumptions together with propositions of Behavioural Science Approach are :-
- Organisations are socio-technical systems. The administration must integrate both the systems.
- Work together with interpersonal behavior of people inwards the arrangement is influenced past times many factors.
- Employees are motivated non solely past times physiological needs merely likewise past times social together with psychological needs.
- Different people conduct hold dissimilar perceptions, attitudes, needs together with values. These differences must live on flora out together with recognised past times management.
- In an arrangement conflicts are unavoidable.
- Personal goals together with Organisational goals must live on joined together.
Contributions of Behavioural Scientists
Abraham Maslow, James March together with Herbert Simon, Douglas McGregor, Victor Vroom, Fredrick Herzberg, Chestar Barnard, etc., made of import contributions to the behavioural scientific discipline approach.
The principal contributions made past times inwards a higher house Behavioural Scientists are :-
- Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory : Human beings conduct hold many needs. Some are lower-level needs similar physiological needs, security together with security needs, together with social needs, These needs must live on satisfied first. The higher score needs are ego needs, together with self-actualisation needs. These needs are satisfied afterwards satisfying lower-level needs.
- James March together with Herbert Simon : There are many types of communication inwards an organisation. This is essential for the performance of the organisation.
- Douglas McGregor's Theory X together with Y : Different managers conduct hold dissimilar assumptions almost people. This depends on the situation. Managers may conduct hold negative assumptions almost people. That is, human beings loathe to run together with therefore, they must live on forced, controlled, directed, together with threatened amongst penalization to brand them work. (Theory X). Managers may conduct hold positive assumptions almost people, i.e. people dearest to work, together with that people conduct hold self-control together with self-direction. (Theory Y).
- Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory of Motivation : People volition live on motivated to plough over a goal, if they believe (i) inwards the worth of the goal, together with (ii) inwards the steps taken to plough over that goal.
- Fredrick Herzberg's Two Factor Theory : There are many factors that influence behavior together with run of people inwards an organisation. One grouping of factors is called "hygiene factors". They are salary, working conditions. Supervision, etc. If these factors be inwards the arrangement so in that place volition live on no dissatisfaction. However, these factors volition non motivate the workers. The 2nd grouping of factors is called "motivators". They are recognition, achievement, challenging work, etc. These factors select satisfaction together with motivation.
- Chester Barnard : The managers must keep a scheme of co-operation inwards the organisation.
