Work Measurement Techniques
Image depicts dissimilar work measurement techniques, methods or types.
Work measure techniques are listed below:
- Historical information method - It uses the past times surgical operation information to laid surgical operation standards.
- Time report - It uses terminal scout in addition to is best suited for short-cycle repetitive jobs.
- Work sampling - Here, workers are observed many times at random.
- Synthesis method - Here, the sum project is divided into chemical ingredient or parts.
- Predetermined motion fourth dimension organization (PMTS) - Here, normally, 3 times are fixed for i project namely; normal, fast, in addition to very-fast.
- Analytical estimating - It is used for fixing the criterion fourth dimension for jobs, which are real long in addition to repetitive.
Now let’s hash out to a greater extent than inwards a higher house techniques of piece of work measurement.
1. Historical information method
Historical information method uses the past-performance data. Here, past times surgical operation is used equally a guideline for setting piece of work surgical operation standards. The primary wages of this technique is that it is uncomplicated to understand, quicker to gauge in addition to easier to implement. However, past times surgical operation is non the best footing for fixing surgical operation standards. This is because at that spot may endure many changes inwards technology, employees’ behavior, abilities, etc.
2. Time study
Time report amongst the attention of a terminal scout is the most commonly used piece of work measure method. This technique was developed past times Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915).
Time report is best suited for short-cycle repetitive jobs. Most of the production jobs tin endure easily timed past times a time-study.
Time report physical care for consists of the next steps:
- Select the project to endure timed.
- Standardize the method of doing the job.
- Select the worker to endure studied.
- Record the necessary details of the project in addition to weather condition of work.
- Divide the project into elements. Here, ’element’ is a role of the job.
- Find out the fourth dimension taken to produce every unmarried element.
- Keep provisions for relaxation, etc.
- Fix the criterion fourth dimension for doing the job.
3. Work sampling
Work sampling method was master copy developed past times Leonard Henry Caleb Tippett (1902-1985) inwards United Kingdom of Great Britain in addition to Northern Ireland inwards 1934. In this technique, the workers are observed many times at random. It is done to let on out for how much fourth dimension the worker is genuinely on the job. It checks how long he is working in addition to how much fourth dimension he is non working (idle time).
Work sampling method does non involve terminal scout measurement. The piece of work of piece of work sampling technique is to gauge what proportion of a worker’s fourth dimension is devoted to work-related activities.
Work sampling method involves next 3 primary steps:
- Deciding what activities are defined equally ’working’. Non-working are those activities which are non defined equally working.
- Observe the worker at selected intervals in addition to tape (write down) whether he is working or not.
- Calculate the part of fourth dimension (P), a worker is working.
A part of fourth dimension (P) a worker is working equals to ’Number of observations during which working occurred’ divided past times ’Total Number of observations.’
The inwards a higher house calculation is used equally a surgical operation standard.
To know more, read advantages in addition to disadvantages of piece of work sampling.
4. Synthesis method
In synthesis method, the sum project is showtime divided into elements (parts). Then the fourth dimension taken to produce each chemical ingredient of the project is institute out in addition to synthesized (totaled). This gives the sum fourth dimension taken for doing the sum job. In this technique, the fourth dimension taken to produce each chemical ingredient of the project is institute out from previous fourth dimension studies. So, this technique gives importance to past-time studies of similar jobs. It likewise uses criterion data.
Standard-data is the normal fourth dimension taken for doing routine jobs. Standard information is easily available for routine-jobs similar plumbing equipment screws, drilling holes, etc. So at that spot is no demand of calculating these times repeatedly. Most companies exercise Standard-data. They produce non waste matter fourth dimension doing studies for all elements of the job. This is because criterion fourth dimension is already available for most elements of a job.
For example, a project of publishing a majority contains iv elements viz; typing, editing, printing in addition to binding. The fourth dimension taken for doing each chemical ingredient is showtime institute out. Suppose, typing takes forty days, editing takes thirty days; printing takes twenty days in addition to binding takes 10 days. Then the fourth dimension taken to produce all the elements are totaled. That is, it takes forty + thirty + twenty + 10 = 100 days to position out a book. This information is taken from previous fourth dimension studies of other printing jobs or from the criterion data.
Synthesis technique likewise considers the marking of performance. Level of surgical operation refers to the speed of performance, which is either, normal, fast, or very-fast.
The benefits or advantages of synthesis method:
- It provides reliable information nearly criterion fourth dimension for doing dissimilar jobs. This is because it is based on many past times fourth dimension studies.
- It is economical because at that spot is no demand to acquit novel fourth dimension studies.
5. Predetermined motion fourth dimension system
In ’Predetermined Motion Time System’ method or only PMTS technique, the normal times are fixed for basic human motions. These fourth dimension values are used to ready the fourth dimension required for doing a job. Normally, 3 times are fixed for i job. That is, i fourth dimension is fixed for each marking of performance. The marking of surgical operation may endure normal, fast in addition to very-fast.
PTMS is improve than motion studies because it gives the detailed analysis of the motion, in addition to it fixes the criterion fourth dimension for doing that motion.
PTMS technique is used to a greater extent than frequently than non for jobs, which are planned for future. However, it tin likewise endure used for electrical current jobs equally an choice to fourth dimension study.
The benefits or advantages of PMTS method:
- It is a real accurate method. It avoids subjective sentence or bias of rater.
- It is an effective in addition to economical method for repetitive jobs of curt duration.
- There is no interference inwards the normal piece of work routine, in addition to hence it does non aspect upwards whatever resistance from the employees.
- It helps to improve the piece of work methods because it gives a detailed analysis of the motions.
- It is to a greater extent than economical in addition to fast compared to normal fourth dimension studies.
6. Analytical estimating
Analytical estimating method or technique is used for fixing the criterion fourth dimension for jobs, which are real long in addition to repetitive. The standard-time is fixed past times using standard-data. However, if criterion information is non available, in addition to hence the criterion fourth dimension is fixed based on the sense of the work-study engineer.
The benefits or advantages of analytical estimating technique:
- It helps inwards planning in addition to scheduling the production activities.
- It provides a footing for fixing labor charge per unit of measurement for non-repetitive jobs.
- It is economical because it uses criterion information for fixing the criterion fourth dimension of each job.
One disadvantage or limitation of analytical estimating method:
- When standard-data is non available for a job, in addition to hence the criterion fourth dimension is fixed past times the work-study engineer. He uses his sense in addition to sentence for estimating the standard-time. This is non accurate compared to a scientific fourth dimension study.
So, these are dissimilar techniques of piece of work measurement.
