Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
It was inwards 1943 a Psychologist Mr. Abraham Harold Maslow suggested his Theory of Human Motivation. His theory is 1 pop together with extensively cited theory of motivation. Maslow's theory is based on the Hierarchy of Human Needs. According to Maslow, human deportment is related to his needs. It is adjusted as per the nature of needs to hold upwards satisfied. In hierarchy of needs theory, Maslow identified 5 types / sets of human demand arranged inwards a hierarchy of their importance together with priority. He concluded that when 1 laid upwards of needs is satisfied, it ceases to hold upwards a motivating factor. Thereafter, the adjacent laid upwards of needs inwards the hierarchy social club takes its place. These needs inwards hierarchy tin hold upwards compared to a pyramid. At the lowest level, at that topographic point volition hold upwards kickoff laid upwards of needs which tin hold upwards described as basic needs together with are universal inwards character. This volition hold upwards followed past times other sets of needs.
Assumptions inwards Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Maslow's Assumptions inwards Hierarchy of Needs Theory are :-
- Man is a wanting being, i.e. his wants are growing continuously fifty-fifty when approximately wants are satisfied. Human needs are of varied together with diversified nature. They tin hold upwards arranged inwards a hierarchy of importance progressing from a lower to a higher social club of needs.
- Needs direct keep a definite hierarchy of importance. As presently as needs on a lower marking are fulfilled, those on the adjacent marking volition emerge together with demand satisfaction. This suggests that breadstuff (food) is essential together with is a master copy demand of every individual. According to Maslow, "Man lives past times breadstuff lone when at that topographic point is no bread." However, he feels the other needs when his physiological needs are fulfilled. In brief, breadstuff is of import but human being does non alive past times breadstuff alone. There are other needs (security / safety, social, esteem together with self actualisation which influence deportment of people (employees) to work. This is the basic characteristic of Maslow's demand hierarchy. Attention to all human needs is essential for motivation of employees. Attention to the provision of breadstuff lone is non adequate for motivating employees. Bread tin human activity as motivating constituent when at that topographic point is no breadstuff but when it is available, its role as motivator comes to an end. Here, other motivators (e.g. security of job, social status, etc.) volition direct keep to hold upwards introduced for motivating employees. Attention to other needs such as security needs, social needs, esteem needs together with self actualisation needs is as of import together with essential for the motivation of dissimilar categories of employees. Maslow, inwards his theory, has referred to dissimilar needs together with suggested that attending needs to hold upwards given to all such needs as attending to physiological needs lone is non adequate for motivating employees. According to Maslow, "Man does non alive past times breadstuff alone". This decision of Maslow is a practical reality together with needs to hold upwards given adequate attending piece motivating employees.
- A satisfied demand does non human activity as a motivator.
- As 1 demand is satisfied, approximately other replaces it.
Maslow's Pyramid of Human Needs
Maslow's Pyramid of Human Needs is shown inwards the next diagram.
The Maslow's Pyramid of Human Needs is explained below :-
- Physiological Needs : Physiological needs are the basic needs for sustaining human life. These needs include food, shelter, clothing, rest, air, water, slumber together with sexual satisfaction. These basic human needs (also called biological needs) prevarication at the lowest marking inwards the hierarchy of needs as they direct keep priority over all other needs. These needs cannot hold upwards postponed for long. Unless together with until these basic physiological needs are satisfied to the required extent, other needs create non motivate an employee. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 hungry person, for example, is but non inwards a seat to mean value of anything else except his hunger or food. According to Maslow, 'man lives past times breadstuff alone,' when at that topographic point is no bread. The management attempts to run across such physiological needs through fair wages.
- Security / Safety Needs : These are the needs connected alongside the psychological fearfulness of loss of job, property, natural calamities or hazards, etc. An employee wants protection from such types of fear. He prefers adequate security or security inwards this consider i.e. protection from physical danger, security of job, pension for one-time age, insurance encompass for life, etc. The security needs come upwards afterwards coming together the physiological needs. Such physiological needs lose their motivational potential when they are satisfied. As a result, security needs supervene upon them. They start out to manifest themselves together with dominate human behavior. Safety needs human activity as motivational forces only if they are unsatisfied.
- Social Needs : An employee is a human beingness is rightly treated as a social animal. He desires to remain inwards group. He feels that he should belong to 1 or the other grouping together with the fellow member of the grouping should convey him alongside dear together with affection. Every soul desires to hold upwards affiliated to such groups. This is treated as basic social demand of an individual. He likewise feels that he should hold upwards loved past times the other members. He needs friends together with interaction alongside his friends together with superiors of the grouping such as beau employees or superiors. Social needs occupy 3rd seat inwards the hierarchy of needs.
- Esteem Needs : This category of needs include the demand to hold upwards respected past times others, demand to hold upwards appreciated past times others, demand to direct keep mightiness together with in conclusion prestigious position. Once the previous needs are satisfied, a soul feels to hold upwards held inwards esteem both past times himself together with likewise past times others. Thus, esteem needs are ii plication inwards nature. Self esteem needs include those for self confidence, self-respect, competence, etc. The mo groups of esteem needs are those related to one's status, reputation, recognition together with appreciation past times others. This is a type of personal ego which needs to hold upwards satisfied. The Organisation tin satisfy this demand (ego) past times giving recognition to the skillful operate of employees. Esteem needs create non assume the motivational properties unless the previous needs are satisfied.
- Self-actualisation Needs : This is the highest amidst the needs inwards the hierarchy of needs advocated past times Maslow. Self actualisation is the wish to larn what 1 is capable of becoming. It is a 'growth' need. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 worker must operate efficiently if he is to hold upwards ultimately happy. Here, a soul feels that he should accomplish something inwards his fife. He wish to apply his potentials to the maximum extent together with desires to larn what 1 is capable of becoming. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 soul desires to direct keep challenges together with achieves something exceptional inwards his life or inwards the surface area of his specialization. Though every 1 is capable of self-actualization, many create non attain this stage. This demand is fully satisfied rarely.
Limitations of Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Maslow's theory of motivation (Hierarchy of Needs Theory) is really pop all over the footing together with provides guidelines to managers / managements for motivating employees. However, Maslow's theory has many limitations.
Limitations of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory are noted below :-
- Maslow's theory is over simplified together with is based on human needs only. There is lack of straight campaign together with outcome human relationship betwixt demand together with behavior.
- The theory has to refer to other motivating factors similar expectations, experience together with perception.
- Needs of all employees are non uniform. Many are satisfied only alongside physiological needs together with security of employment.
- The designing of hierarchy of needs as suggested past times Maslow may non hold upwards applicable uniformly to all categories of employees.
- Maslow's supposition of 'need hierarchy' does non agree skillful inwards the nowadays historic menses as each soul has enough of needs to hold upwards satisfied, which may non necessarily follow Maslow's demand hierarchy.
- Maslow's theory is widely accepted but at that topographic point is lilliputian empirical prove to back upwards it. It is largely tentative together with untested. His writings are to a greater extent than philosophical than scientific.
Importance of Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Although Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory has been criticised on higher upwards grounds, yet it holds many advantages or merits. It helps the managers to empathise the behaviour of their employees. It likewise helps the managers to render the correct fiscal together with non-financial motivation to their employees. This overall helps to increase the efficiency, productivity together with profitability of the organisation.
