Sources Of Fixed Upper-Case Alphabetic Lineament Or Long Term Finance

Sources of Fixed Capital or Long Term Finance

The primary sources of fixed capital or long term finance are depicted below.

Issue of Equity together with Preference shares.
Issue of Right shares.
Private placement of shares.
Issue of debentures.
Term loans.
Retained earnings.
Lease financing.

Now let's briefly hash out each origin of fixed upper-case alphabetic lineament or long term finance.

Source 1. Issue of shares

Issue of shares is the virtually of import origin of fixed capital. Most companies collect fixed upper-case alphabetic lineament yesteryear issuing shares.

Generally, at that topographic point are 2 types of shares, these are depicted below.

These 2 types of shares are briefly described every bit follows:

(i) Equity share:

Equity portion carries ownership rights of the company, together with it doesn't acquit a fixed charge per unit of measurement of dividend.
Equity shares are to a greater extent than pop than preference shares. The appear upward value of an equity portion is decided yesteryear the company.
This portion is likewise called ordinary share. This is because shareholders are the existent owners of the company.
The portion upper-case alphabetic lineament is likewise called risky capital. This is thence because at that topographic point is no guarantee for getting a dividend. Similarly, if the fellowship winds upward or near down, at that topographic point is no guarantee for getting repayment of capital.

(ii) Preference share:

A preference portion carries ownership rights of the company, together with it carries a fixed charge per unit of measurement of dividend.

A preference portion has 2 primary advantages over equity shares viz.;

They teach a fixed charge per unit of measurement of dividend earlier the equity shares, and
If the fellowship winds upward or near down, they teach repayment of upper-case alphabetic lineament earlier the equity shares.

Source 2. Issue of Right shares

Rights number of shares agency the fellowship issues shares to its existing shareholders. According to provisions of law, a fellowship must outset number shares to its existing-shareholders.

If the existing shareholders produce non desire to purchase the shares, thence the fellowship tin sell its shares to the outsiders.

The existing shareholders are given outset preference to purchase the company's fresh number of shares.

In an consequence of rights number of shares, the portion upper-case alphabetic lineament increases simply the numbers of shareholders produce non increase.

Generally, rights number is really economical to collect fixed capital.

Source 3. Private placement of shares

Private placement of shares agency the fellowship sell its shares direct to a small-group of investors similar bank, insurance companies, fiscal institutions, mutual funds, etc.

Here, the fellowship does non sell the shares to the public.

It is a really elementary together with economical method every bit it does non involve number of a prospectus, no involve of brokers together with underwriters, etc.

Fixed upper-case alphabetic lineament is likewise collected from somebody placement of shares.

Source 4. Issue of debentures

Debenture represents the borrowed upper-case alphabetic lineament of the company. Fixed upper-case alphabetic lineament is likewise collected from number of debentures.

Debenture holders teach involvement for the upper-case alphabetic lineament contribution made yesteryear them to the company.

Debenture holders are the long-term lenders of the company.

Source 5. Term loans

Term loans are secured or unsecured loans obtained yesteryear the company. The fellowship has to pay involvement on these term loans.

The fellowship gets term loans from banks together with fiscal institutions similar Deutsche, HSBC, YES, ICICI, HDFC, AXIS, together with thence on, yesteryear submitting its projection analysis report.

The shareholders produce non lose ownership command of the fellowship yesteryear obtaining term loans. Fixed upper-case alphabetic lineament is likewise collected from term loans.

Source 6. Retained earnings

Retained earnings is a purpose of undistributed profits earned yesteryear the company. Since, the fellowship does non distribute all of its profits to the shareholders.

Company saves a purpose of its profits. This saved earnings is called retained earnings, self-financing or ploughing dorsum of profits.

It is really economical because no involvement payment is to endure made.

Retained earnings is the cheapest origin of fixed capital.

Source 7. Lease financing

In lease financing, at that topographic point are 2 parties, viz;

Lessor, who is the possessor of an asset, and
Lessee, who is the user of an asset.

The lessor is the possessor of an asset. Lessor gives the property on a lease-basis to the lessee. The lessee uses the property together with inwards return, pays rent for using that property to the lessor.

The lessor together with lessee teach into into an agreement. This understanding is called lease-agreement.

The lessee involve non spends money for purchasing the assets. Lessee hires (takes) the property on a lease or rent thence that he/she tin occupation the available coin for working upper-case alphabetic lineament requirements.

Lease financing is really elementary together with economical.

So, these are the sources of fixed upper-case alphabetic lineament or long term finance.