Definition of Control
According to Allen,
"Control agency to guide something inwards the administration it is intended to go."
Definition of Controlling
According to James Stoner,
"Controlling is the procedure of ensuring that actual activities adapt to the planned activities."
5 Steps In Control Process
Five primary steps inwards the command procedure alongside diagram are discussed below :-
1. Fixing the Control Standards / Objectives / Targets
A measure is a criterion (base) which is used to stair out the functioning of the subordinates. Standards may live on of ii types, i.e. Quantitative Standards in addition to Qualitative Standards.
Quantitative Standard tin live on easily defined in addition to measured. For e.g. release of products, release of customers, cost, cyberspace profit, fourth dimension limits, etc.
Qualitative Standard cannot live on easily defined in addition to measured. For e.g. measure of morale, measure of chore satisfaction, measure of upshot of a grooming programme, promotion programme, etc. It is amend to own got quantitative standards because they are measurable. However, today at that spot are many novel techniques for measuring qualitative standards.
The standards should live on equally clear equally possible. It should live on easily understood past times both superiors in addition to subordinates. The responsibleness of each private should also live on clearly defined i.e. everyone should live on responsible for achieving a detail goal, objective, target, etc. For e.g. The marketing subdivision fixes a measure - "We volition sell 2,000 units of production X inwards i month". So hither the measure is 2,000 units.
2. Measuring the Actual Performances
After establishing the standards, the subordinates should live on provided alongside all the resources for performing the job. They should live on properly directed in addition to motivated to perform the job. Similarly, they should live on properly supervised. If the subordinated come upwards nether Theory X they postulate maximum supervision. However, if they come, nether Theory Y thence they postulate minimum supervision. After they consummate the chore their functioning should live on carefully measured. There are many traditional in addition to modern techniques for measuring the performances of subordinates.
For e.g. After i month, the marketing subdivision sold alone 10,000 units of production X. So, their actual functioning is alone 10,000 units.
3. Comparision
The actual performances of the subordinates are compared alongside established standards, in addition to thence the deviations are found out. The deviations which are found out may live on positive or negative.
Positive Deviation agency that the actual performances are amend than the established standards. Positive deviations should live on appreciated.
Negative Deviation agency that the actual functioning is less than the established standards. The management should pay particular attending to the negative deviation. They should abide by out the causes of negative deviations.
Generally, nipper (small) deviations are ignored. However, major deviations should live on at i time addressed in addition to reported to the exceed management. PERT, Budgetary Control, Observation, Inspection, Reports, etc. are about of the methods used for comparison.
For e.g. 10,000 units (Standard) - 9,000 units (Actual Performance) = 1,000 units (Negative Deviation).
4. Corrective Action
After finding out the negative deviations in addition to their causes, the managers should own got steps to right these deviations. Corrective actions should live on taken promptly. Corrective activity may include, changing the standards, providing amend motivation, giving amend training, using amend machines, etc. The administration should own got essential steps to preclude these deviations inwards the future.
For e.g. The drive of the negative divergence was less advertising in addition to untrained salesmen. So, the companionship must pass reasonable coin on advertising in addition to training.
5. Follow-up
After taking corrective action, the administration must produce a follow-up. Follow-up is done to abide by out whether the corrective actions are taken properly. It also finds out whether the deviations in addition to their causes are removed. If follow-up is done properly, thence the actual functioning volition live on equal to or amend than the established standards.
Articles on Control / Controlling
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