Motivation Motivational Factors Incentives Theories Of Motivation

What is Motivation? Meaning

Motivation is side past times side to directing / leading. Managers tin motivate their subordinates spell guiding them. Motivating agency encouraging people to remove hold to a greater extent than initiatory together with involvement inwards the piece of work assigned. It is an fine art of getting things done willingly from others.

Motivation avoids clashes together with non-cooperation together with brings harmony, unity together with co-operative outlook amid employees. Managers remove hold to piece of work equally motivators of their subordinates. For this, effective communication, proper appreciation of piece of work done together with positive encouragement are necessary together with useful. Motivation is inspiring together with encouraging people to piece of work to a greater extent than together with contribute for achieving the objectives of the fellowship The creation of the wish together with willingness to perform the project efficiently is known equally motivation.

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Motivation is a psychological together with sociological concept equally it relates to human demeanour together with human relations. It is the most key together with all pervasive concept of psychology. For motivation, sweetness words are useful but are sure enough non adequate. Motivation basically relates to human needs, desires together with expectations. In other words, these factors propose the measures which tin endure used for the motivation of employees.

In motivation, efforts should endure made to satisfy the unlike needs of employees together with thence that they volition endure satisfied, happy together with away from tensions. This creates favorable surroundings because of which employees remove hold to a greater extent than involvement together with initiatory inwards the piece of work together with perform their jobs efficiently. Motivation is a technique of creating attraction for the job. It is encouraging employees for amend performance inwards club to reach the goals of an Organization. The procedure of motivation is a continuous i (circular one) together with is beneficial to both - employer together with employees. It is a key to improve piece of work performance of employees.

The term 'motive' is derived from the Latin discussion 'emovere' which agency to displace or to activate. Motivation is the human activeness of making someone to human activeness inwards the desired vogue through positive encouragement. It is through motivation that employees tin endure induced to piece of work more, to earn to a greater extent than together with to plow over amend results to the Organization.

Definition of Motivation

1. According to W. G. Scot, "Motivation agency a procedure of stimulating people to activeness to accomplish the desired goals."
2. According to Michael J. Jucius, "Motivation is the human activeness of stimulating someone or oneself to instruct a desired course of report of action, to force the correct push to instruct a desired results."

Features of Motivation

1. Psychological Process : Motivation is a psychological procedure useful for encouraging employees to remove hold to a greater extent than involvement inwards the piece of work assigned. It relates to human relations.
2. Initiative past times Manager : The initiatory for motivation is past times the managing director past times offering guidance together with likewise past times other methods similar appreciation of skillful piece of work or offering incentives. Management has to adopt special measures for motivating employees. They include monetary equally good equally non-monetary.
3. Continuous activity : It is a continuous together with circular process. Subordinates demand motivation inwards a continuous vogue equally their needs together with expectations alter from fourth dimension to time. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 managing director has to report the needs of workers together with exercise the technique of motivation accordingly. The procedure of motivation must endure made a regular together with continuous one.
4. Goal-oriented together with action-oriented : Motivation diverts human demeanour towards sure goals. Attainment of organizational together with private goals depends on the motivational plans.
5. Broad concept : Motivation covers needs, human relations together with satisfaction of employees. For employee motivation, monetary together with other incentives demand to endure offered. Job satisfaction is i such demand together with is useful for their motivation.
6. Essence of administration process : Motivation is an essential role of a manager. He has to motivate his subordinates for achieving organizational objectives. Motivated labour forcefulness is an property of a concern unit. Motivated employees convey prosperity to a concern unit.
7. Beneficial to employees together with management : Motivation offers benefits to employees together with Organisation. It avoids crashes together with encourages cooperative outlook amid employees. Motivation leads to cordial labour-management relations. It provides to a greater extent than turn a profit to administration together with amend welfare to employees.
8. Varied measures available for motivation : For motivation, diverse monetary together with non monetary incentives tin endure offered to employees past times the management. Attractive wages, welfare facilities, project satisfaction, appreciation of skillful work, encouragement to self-development, project safety together with fair handling are but about measures of motivating employees.
9. Motivation is unlike from satisfaction : Motivation implies a drive towards a final result spell satisfaction involves final result already experienced together with achieved. 'When wish is satisfied, employee is motivated'.
10. Related to a soul inwards totality : An employee is motivated inwards totality together with non inwards part. Employee's basic needs are interrelated. Management must fulfill all the needs through monetary together with non-monetary incentives.

Importance of Motivation

Motivation occupies an of import house together with seat inwards the whole administration process. This technique tin endure used fruitfully for encouraging workers to brand positive contribution for achieving organizational objectives. Motivation is necessary equally human nature needs but about variety of inducement, encouragement or incentive inwards club to instruct amend performance. Motivation of employee’s offers may benefits to the Organisation together with likewise to the employees. This suggests the importance of motivating employees. Motivation acts equally a technique for improving the performance of employees working at unlike levels.

Motivation of employees is i role which every managing director has to perform along alongside other managerial functions. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 managing director has to role equally a friend together with motivator of his subordinates. Motivation is useful inwards all aspects of life together with fifty-fifty our menage unit of measurement life. The same is the representative alongside business. This dearly suggests that motivation is extremely important. It is an integral component division of administration procedure itself.

Advantages of Motivation

(A) Advantages of Motivation to Management / Organization

1. Increase inwards the efficiency together with productivity of employees. Motivation ensures a high score performance of employees.
2. Better co-operation from employees together with cordial labour-management relations.
3. Reduction inwards the charge per unit of measurement of labour absenteeism together with turnover.
4. Reduction inwards the wastages together with industrial accidents.
5. Improvement inwards the morale of employees.
6. Quick achievement of business/corporate objectives together with favorable corporate image.

(B) Advantages of Motivation to Employees / Workers

1. Employees instruct diverse monetary together with non-monetary facilities/benefits which supply amend life together with welfare to them.
2. Security of work together with other benefits due to cordial relations alongside the management.
3. Job attraction together with project satisfaction.
4. Higher status together with opportunities of participation inwards management.
5. Positive approach together with outlook of employees towards company, administration together with superiors.
6. Reduction inwards the charge per unit of measurement of labour turnover which is harmful to employees together with management.
7. Better compass for improvement inwards knowledge together with skills of employees.

Motivational Factors / Incentives

(A) Monetary or Financial Incentives

Monetary incentives are offered inwards damage of money. Such incentives supply to a greater extent than cash or purchasing mightiness to employees. Monetary incentives are extremely attractive to employees (particularly those working at lower levels) equally they instruct the create goodness chop-chop together with inwards concrete terms. At the higher levels of management, non-monetary incentives are to a greater extent than of import than monetary incentives. Workers prefer monetary incentives equally compared to non-monetary incentives. Managements likewise offering liberal monetary incentives to all categories of workers.

Monetary incentives may endure farther classified equally next :-

1. Individual Monetary Incentives : The create goodness of private monetary incentive is available to concerned worker only. For example, F. W. Taylor suggested differential slice charge per unit of measurement scheme which offers unlike wage rates to unlike workers equally per their production efficiency. Different incentive wage plans are the examples of private monetary incentives equally the create goodness is offered individually to every worker. Here, a worker is paid equally per his efficiency, productivity or equally per the production given past times him. Efficient/sincere workers plow over to a greater extent than production together with instruct higher vantage inwards damage of wage payment.
2. Group Monetary Incentives : In the grouping monetary incentives, the monetary create goodness is non given individually but to a grouping of workers or to all workers inwards the Organisation. Workers remove hold to piece of work jointly/collectively equally a squad inwards club to secure the benefits of grouping monetary incentives. Bonus payment, pension, P.F, production/productivity bonus, turn a profit sharing, etc. are the examples of grouping monetary incentives. For the employer/management, grouping incentives are to a greater extent than of import equally they offering many benefits to the management.

(B) Non-monetary Incentives for Employee Motivation

1. Job safety together with project enrichment : Job safety is useful for the motivation of employees. Such safety keeps the employee away from the tension of becoming unemployed. Job enrichment provides an chance for greater recognition together with advancement. Job enrichment refers to redesign of jobs.
2. Fair handling to employees : Employer should plow over attending to the needs, difficulties together with grievances of employees. Small piece of work groups together with effective communication are useful for solving the problems of workers. Employees must endure given decent treatment. They volition endure co-operative exclusively when they are treated alongside sympathy together with love, affection together with dignity. Employees should likewise endure given assist inwards personal matters.
3. Recognition of skillful work : Recognition of skillful piece of work at an appropriate fourth dimension gives encouragement to employees to exhibit amend performance inwards future. As an appreciation of skillful work, prizes, rewards, promotions, etc. should endure given.
4. Encouragement to self-development together with career development: Employees should endure given varied preparation facilities. Training facilitates self-development together with likewise provides opportunities for career development. Every employee has a wish to grow, develop together with ascent higher. This wish should endure exploited fully for motivating employees. For this, preparation equally good equally administration evolution programmes should endure introduced.
5. Delegation of authority : Due to delegation of authority, a subordinate employee feels that superior has organized faith inwards him together with likewise inwards his mightiness to exercise potency inwards a proper manner. Employees instruct mental satisfaction when potency is given to them. They remove hold involvement together with initiatory inwards the piece of work together with attempt to attempt out that they are competent to piece of work at the higher levels. Thus, delegation of potency becomes a motivating factor.
6. Congenial working conditions : It is a non fiscal incentive for motivation. Employees should endure given diverse facilities together with conveniences at the piece of work place. The piece of work surroundings should endure pleasant together with safe. This creates wish to piece of work efficiently.
7. Helpful mental attitude of management : The helpful mental attitude of administration towards its employees creates a sense of affinity for the Organisation. Fair handling to workers creates amend agreement amid workers. Cordial industrial relations likewise motivate employees. Thus, enlightened together with pro-employee mental attitude of administration acts equally a motivating factor.
8. Fair chance of promotion : Fair chance of advertisement to all eligible workers is i to a greater extent than method useful for motivating employees. They remove hold involvement inwards the piece of work equally they feet that they volition endure rewarded inwards the shape of promotions. Training facility should endure provided to employees inwards club to brand them eligible for promotion.
9. Labour participation inwards management : Labour participation inwards administration is useful for the motivation of employees. Workers instruct higher status together with amend compass for expressing their views through such participation. Even the formation of lineament circles or articulation administration councils is useful for motivating employees.
10. Designation together with status : When an employee is provided alongside a amend designation, it adds to his status. Employees are proud to expose their attractive together with high-sounding designations.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory.

Hertzberg’s Two Factor Theory.

Douglas McGregor's Theory X Theory Y.

McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory.

Hawthorne Experiments. So named because they were carried on inwards Hawthorne establish of western Electric Company of Chicago inwards USA.

Dr. Elton Mayo led a squad from Harward University which cooperated alongside western electrical co. inwards the menstruum 1927-1936 to acquit out Hawthorne Experiments. They identified next details.

1. Recognized the importance of employee attitudes such equally agreement voluntary co-operations together with willing dedication inwards accomplishment of organizational goals.
2. Found that employee performance is really much influenced past times his mental attitude towards his job, associates together with management.
3. Proved that organizational theatre tin gain exclusively when its employees are satisfied contented inwards their jobs.
4. Pointed out that whatsoever alter to endure should endure made should endure explained together with its important should endure clear to employees. The fact that alter is logical is non plenty because employees may non appreciate the logic.
5. Explored much of data on grouping behavior.
6. Thus remove hold provided the footing for much of what nosotros know nearly getting along alongside all, job employees inwards particular.